The success of the NASA's Lunar Crater Observing and Sensing Satellite mission, conducted on October 9, was announced by the U.S. space agency on Friday, November 13, through the confirmation of presence of water on lunar surface. One rocket slammed into the Cabeus crater near the moon's southern pole shepherded by a second spacecraft equipped with cameras to record the following data. After analyzing the data from the debris plume with both infrared and ultraviolet spectrographic measurements, the existence of significant amount of water was substantiated. Based on the calculations from the measurements, scientists estimated the amount of recovered water at 100 kilograms which is roughly equivalent to 22 gallons. Even though this discovery of water doesn't refer to moon being as wet as earth, it opens up potential opportunities for the future space missions.

Along with the water there are hints of other intriguing substances which scientists suspect to be organic compounds created from comet impacts in the past. After this giant leap towards space exploration, it will be a challenge for the NASA scientists to find the origin of this water which may reveal more astonishing information about the solar system.

Reported in the journal Science, innovative research announced that on a sample of worms will be able to produce both sperm and eggs as a result of a simple genetic twist. A team of U.S. scientists led by Ronald Ellis, a biologist from the University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey, was able to successfully conduct a transformation of sex in worms. Scientists turned a nematode female worm into a hermaphrodite by lowering the activity of two genetic pathways. This striking change was achieved by altering two genes: one related to the production of sperms and the other involved in activating them. Dr Ellis expressed his excitement by saying that “the pieces were already in place, they just had to be altered so they work in a slight new way.”

This experiment is leading towards explaining nature's complex trait of producing unisexual species along with males and females. The research hopes to tell us why nature sometimes generates hermaphrodites, a topic of extensive controversy in the world of science. It is also expected to dig deep in to the unresolved mysteries regarding the mechanism and criteria of evolutionary change.